報告時間：2019年3月18日（星期一）   上午9:30

報告地點：EON体育4平台樹華多功能廳

聯 系 人🤮：袁政

報告人：龍漫遠 Edna K. Paazian Distinguished Service Professor, The University of Chicago Department of Ecology and Evolution 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637（mlong@midway.uchicago.edu）

報告人信息：

龍漫遠為芝加哥大學終生教授, 在Science, Nature 系列和 Cell 雜誌上發表多篇重要論文🙅🏼‍♂️，是國際著名生物信息學家🔷、新基因起源研究的創始人。龍漫遠教授目前為國務院國家自然科學獎和國家自然科學基金會重點課題的特邀評審員。美國國家科學基金會🧸，美國健康研究院🆚，課題評審組成員; 加拿大，奧地利，愛爾蘭進化與基因組基礎研究課題專家組成員和特邀評審員。

龍漫遠教授也是國際雜誌🏈：Journal of Molecular Evolution 副主編🤾🏻‍♀️🫑，Biology Direct等5個國際雜誌的編輯; 是Nature, Science, PNAS等著名雜誌的特邀評審人。

報告人研究背景🧒🏽↕️：

An interesting problem in evolutionary biology is how genes with novel functions originate. The research in my laboratory focuses on this problem, although we are also interested in other issues of molecular evolution. Interest in evolutionary novelties can be traced back to the time of Darwin. However, studies of the origin and evolution of genes with new functions have only recently become possible and attracted increasing attention.

Although conceptual revolution is always what we wish to pursue, the available molecular techniques and rapidly expanded genome data from many organisms mean that searching for and characterizing new genes is no longer a formidable technical obstacle. Molecular and evolutionary studies have provided powerful analytical tools for the detection of the processes and mechanisms that underlie the origin of new genes. Two levels of questions about this process can be defined. First, at the level of individual new genes, what are the initial molecular mechanisms that generate new gene structures? Once a new gene arises in an individual genome in a natural population, how does it spread throughout an entire species to become fixed? And, how does the young gene subsequently evolve? Second, at the level of the genome, how often do new genes originate? If new gene formation is not a rare event, are there any patterns that underlie the process? And, what evolutionary and genetic mechanisms govern any such patterns?

I believe that an efficient approach to these questions is to examine young genes because their early processes of origination are directly observable. Pursuit of these problems requires an integrated approach incorporating molecular, genomic and population analyses. My lab applies such an approach to our studies. Using experimental and computational genomic analysis, we identified numerous new genes in Drosophila and mammalian genomes. Using molecular analysis, we revealed some important molecular evolutionary mechanisms responsible for their current gene structures. By evolutionary genetic analysis, we observed a significant role of the adaptive evolution in the determination of the fate of those new genes. Interesting patterns are observed associated with these new genes. We saw, we came, and we found....

近五年代表性論文：

1. Zhang L, Ren Y, Yang T, Li G, Chen J, Gschwend AR, Yu Y, Hou G, Zi J, Zhou R, Wen B, Zhang J, Chougule K, Wang M, Copetti D, Peng Z, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Ouyang Y, Wing RA, Liu S, Long M (2019) Rapid evolution of protein diversity by de novo origination in Oryza. Nature Ecology & Evolution DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0822-5.

2. VanKuren NW and Long M, 2018. Gene duplicates resolving sexual conflict rapidly evolved essential gametogenesis functions. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2(4):705-712.

3. Stein JC, Yu Y, Copetti D, ZwicklDJ, Zhang L, Zhang C , Chougule K, Gao D, Iwata A, Goicoechea JL, Wei S, Wang J, Liao Y, Wang M, Jacquemin J, Becker C, Kudrna D, Zhang J, Londono CEM, Song X, Lee S, Sanchez P, Zuccolo A, Ammiraju JSS, Talag J, Danowitz A, Rivera LF, Gschwend AR, Noutsos C, Wu CC, Kao SM, Zeng JW, Wei FJ, Zhao Q, Feng Q, El Baidouri M, Carpentier MC, Lasserre E, Cooke R, Rosa Farias DD, da Maia LC, Dos Santos RS, Nyberg KG, McNally KL, Mauleon R, Alexandrov N, Schmutz J, Flowers D, Fan C, Weigel D, Jena KK, Wicker T, Chen M, Han B, Henry R, Hsing YC, Kurata N, de Oliveira AC, Panaud O, Jackson SA, Machado CA, Sanderson MJ, Long M, Ware D and Wing RA, 2018. Sequence of 13 rice-related species unveils the Oryza pan-genome and the origin of genetic innovation. Nature Genetics 50, 285–296.

4.  Lee YCG, Yang Q, Chi W, Turkson SA, Du WA, Kemkemer C, Zeng Z-B, Long M, Zhuang X, 2017. Genetic architecture of natural variation underlying adult foraging behavior that is essential for survival of Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Biol & Evol 9(5):1357-1369

5.  Long M and Emerson JJ, 2017. The Gene Traffic in Evolution: the Compensational Role for the Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation in Mammals. Current Biology 27 (11): R659-R661

6.  Chen Z, Oliver B, Gao G and Long M, 2017. Expressed Structurally Stable Inverted Duplicates in Mammalian Genomes as Functional Noncoding Elements. Genome Biol & Evol 9 (4): 981-992

7.  Zhang W, Landback P, Gschwend AR, Shen B and Long M (2015). New genes drive the evolution of gene interaction networks in the human and mouse genomes. Genome Biology, 16:202.

8. Zhang C, Gschwend RA, Ouyang Y, Long M (2014). Evolution of gene structural complexity: An alternative-splicing based model accounts for intron-containing retrogenes, Plant Physiology 165(1):412-23.

9.  Gao G, Vibranovski MD, Zhang L, Li Z, Liu M, Zhang YE, Li X, Zhang W, Fan Q, Vankuren NW, Long M, Wei L, 2014. A long term demasculinization of X-linked intergenic noncoding RNAs in Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Res 24(4):629-38.